Research Article

Dosimetric Evaluation and Analytical Modeling of High-Energy Electron Ranges in Human Adipose and Skin Tissues Using a Cubic Polynomial Semi-Empirical Formulation

Abstract

Knowing the length and penetration depth of energetic electron beams in superficial layers is an essential problem in the clinical planning of radiotherapy and radiation safety of the skin. A detailed semi-empirical cubic polynomial model was developed in this investigation in order to calculate Continuous Slowing Down Approximation (CSDA) range of electrons passing through human adipose (fat) and dermal (skin) tissue for energy range of 0.25 to 90 MeV. The semiempirical function was expressed as a continuous function of electron kinetic energy T and four fitting parameters of the tissue. The model calculated values were carefully compared to the reference values compiled by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) ESTAR program for reference values using tissue specifications from the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The excellent performance was confirmed by statistical evaluation with correlation coefficient R = 0.999992 for adipose tissue and R = 0.999953 for skin tissue. The mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) of adipose tissue and skin tissue were obtained as 4.05% and 3.91%, respectively, along with the root mean square errors (RMSE) as 0.0358 g/cm² and 0.0979 g/cm², respectively. These results validate the polynomial equation derived for the task of real-time dose estimation and treatment verification in superficial human soft tissues, which is a framework that is computationally efficient and accurate and can be used in real-time. 

Authors affiliation:

Fatima O. Nasser: Babylon Education Directorate , Babylon, Iraq.

How To Cite: F.O. Nasser. Dosimetric Evaluation and Analytical Modeling of High-Energy Electron Ranges in Human Adipose and Skin Tissues Using a Cubic Polynomial Semi-Empirical Formulation. Journal of Biomedicine and Biosensors, 6(4):16–21, 2026. https://doi.org/10.58613/jbb644