Ethical Principles and Publication Policy

Journal of Biomedicine and Biosensors is committed to research integrity, publication ethics, scientific transparency, patient protection, and responsible biomedical and bioscience publishing.

Authors, reviewers, editors, editorial board members, and the publisher are expected to follow applicable ethical, scientific, legal, and publication standards throughout research, submission, peer review, publication, and post-publication processes.

Publication Ethics

The journal supports recognized principles and guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), Council of Science Editors (CSE), European Association of Science Editors (EASE), World Medical Association (WMA), National Library of Medicine (NLM), and the EQUATOR Network, where applicable.

Research Integrity

Research must be conducted and reported honestly, accurately, transparently, and responsibly. Fabrication, falsification, manipulation, selective misrepresentation, plagiarism, duplicate publication, inappropriate image manipulation, and other forms of research misconduct are not permitted.

Human Participants

Research involving human participants must comply with applicable ethical, institutional, national, and international requirements. Where required, ethical approval must be obtained before the research is conducted. Manuscripts should provide the name of the approving ethics committee or institution and approval/reference number where applicable.

Informed Consent and Patient Privacy

Appropriate informed consent must be obtained where required. Case reports, clinical images, photographs, interviews, or other material containing potentially identifiable information must comply with applicable consent and privacy requirements.

Authors must protect participant and patient confidentiality and must not publish unnecessary identifying information.

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials should be prospectively registered in an appropriate publicly accessible trial registry where applicable. The registration number and relevant registry information should be included in the manuscript. Appropriate reporting standards, including CONSORT, should be followed where applicable.

Animal Research

Research involving animals must comply with applicable institutional, national, and international animal-welfare requirements. Ethical approval should be obtained where required, and appropriate information about animal welfare and measures to minimize pain, suffering, or unnecessary use should be provided. ARRIVE guidelines should be followed where applicable.

Human Biological Materials

Research involving human tissues, cells, biological samples, organs, or other human-derived materials must comply with applicable ethical, legal, institutional, consent, privacy, and regulatory requirements.

Authorship

Authorship must reflect meaningful contributions to the research and manuscript. All authors must approve the final manuscript and accept responsibility for their contributions. Gift, guest, and ghost authorship are not permitted.

Requests to add, remove, or rearrange authors should normally be made before acceptance and must include appropriate written justification and confirmation from affected authors.

Conflict of Interest

Authors, reviewers, editors, and editorial board members must disclose actual, potential, or perceived conflicts of interest, including financial, institutional, personal, professional, academic, or competitive relationships.

Where no relevant conflict exists, authors may state: "The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest."

Funding

All sources of financial support must be disclosed. Authors should state the role of the funding organization in study design, data collection, analysis, manuscript preparation, and the decision to submit or publish, where applicable.

Data Availability and Transparency

Authors should provide a Data Availability Statement where applicable. Data may be publicly available, deposited in a recognized repository, available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, or unavailable because of ethical, privacy, legal, or confidentiality restrictions.

Plagiarism and Text Reuse

The journal does not tolerate plagiarism, inappropriate text reuse, fabrication, falsification, or duplicate publication. Manuscripts may be screened using similarity-detection tools. A similarity report is an editorial screening aid and does not by itself establish plagiarism. The journal does not apply an automatic fixed similarity-percentage threshold.

Duplicate or Redundant Publication

Manuscripts must not be submitted simultaneously to more than one journal. Authors must disclose relevant preprints, conference publications, theses, datasets, or previously published related material and substantial overlap with earlier work.

Image Integrity

Images, figures, clinical photographs, microscopy images, and other visual materials must accurately represent the underlying research. Manipulation that misrepresents the original information is prohibited. Identifiable patient images require appropriate consent where applicable.

Peer-Review Ethics

The journal follows a single-anonymous peer-review process. Each manuscript requiring external review is evaluated by at least two independent reviewers. Reviewers must maintain confidentiality, declare conflicts of interest, provide objective and constructive assessments, and report suspected ethical or research-integrity concerns to the editor.

Editorial Independence

The Editor-in-Chief has overall responsibility for editorial standards and publication ethics. Editorial decisions must be based on scholarly, scientific, ethical, and editorial considerations and must not be improperly influenced by commercial interests, sponsors, advertisers, authors, reviewers, publishers, or other external parties.

Artificial Intelligence

AI tools must not be listed as authors. Authors remain responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, references, and ethical compliance of their manuscripts. AI must not be used to fabricate or falsify data, results, references, images, patient information, or other scholarly content. Substantial AI assistance should be disclosed where applicable.

Editors and reviewers must protect confidential manuscript information and must not upload confidential manuscripts, unpublished data, patient information, or reviewer reports to external AI systems where confidentiality or intellectual property could be compromised.

Research and Publication Misconduct

Potential misconduct includes fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, duplicate publication, inappropriate image manipulation, unethical research, improper authorship, undisclosed conflicts of interest, peer-review manipulation, and other forms of research or publication misconduct.

Concerns may be investigated by requesting information from authors, reviewers, institutions, ethics committees, or other appropriate parties. Authors will be given an appropriate opportunity to respond to substantive allegations.

Corrections, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern

The journal may publish corrections, errata, expressions of concern, retractions, or other appropriate notices when necessary to maintain the integrity of the scholarly record.

Retraction may be considered for major errors that invalidate findings, fabrication or falsification, plagiarism, duplicate publication, serious ethical violations, unreliable data, or serious publication misconduct.

Complaints and Appeals

Authors may raise editorial complaints or appeals with the journal's editorial office. Complaints and appeals will be considered fairly, confidentially, and independently where possible. Editorial decisions should not be influenced by commercial interests or the ability or willingness of an author to pay publication charges.

Publication Charges and Editorial Decisions

Any article processing or publication charges are administered separately from editorial decision-making. The ability or inability of an author to pay a publication charge does not influence peer review, acceptance, rejection, or editorial decisions.

Accountability

The Editor-in-Chief, editors, reviewers, authors, and publisher share responsibility for maintaining the integrity, transparency, and reliability of the journal's scholarly record.