Research Article

Semi-empirical Equation Stopping Power Calculations Electrons in Some Human Tissues

Abstract

The stopping power of electrons in the energy range of 60–260 MeV was investigated to evaluate their potential application in radiotherapy. Electron beams can be controlled electromagnetically, allowing the beam intensity to be scanned and modulated during treatment, which provides an advantage over conventional photon beams. In the present work, the stopping power of high-energy electrons was calculated for several materials relevant to radiotherapy, including water, blood, skin (ICRP), eye lens (ICRP), cortical bone (ICRP), and soft tissue (ICRP). The electron stopping power was determined using Equation (10) and the semi-empirical expression given in Equation (12). The calculated values were then compared with the corresponding results obtained from the ESTAR program. This comparison was performed over the 60–260 MeV energy range to examine the agreement between the proposed calculations and the established ESTAR data. The main purpose of this study is to provide an updated assessment of the stopping power characteristics of electrons in materials of biological and dosimetric importance. Particular attention is given to their relevance to electron radiotherapy, where the electron beam must be accurately delivered to the target region. Finally, the semi-empirical calculations are compared with the ESTAR results to evaluate their consistency and suitability for radiotherapy-related applications. Total mass-stopping power in (MeV cm2/g) caused by the density effect (-δ) and radiative stopping power contribution using Bragg’s valence law for compound targets (Z/A) and half- 60 MeV to 260 MeV Semi-empirical stopping energy equations included in the kinetic energy T (MeV) for electrons in ranges are fitted by a three parameter approximation written using (MALAB2018) language we calculated obtained from fitting with the experimental stopping power data (ESTAR) program and we calculated the error ration STEYX and correlation coefficient. It is found that our results are in good agreement with values of Estar code and the correlation coefficient between them is (0.999). 

Authors affiliation:

Doaa Falah Razzaq (ORCID): University of Kufa, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Najaf, Iraq.

How To Cite: D.F. Razzaq. Semi-empirical Equation Stopping Power Calculations Electrons in Some Human Tissues. Journal of Biomedicine and Biosensors, 6(3):68–75, 2026. https://doi.org/10.58613/jbb638